Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
Introduction & Commercial and Selling
Selling of Primary & Secondary Commodities
Cancellation Options in Transactions
Cancellation Options Continued
Debt Transference & Guarantor-ship
Mortgaging & Security Deposits
Partnership & Companies Continued
Reviving Barren Lands & Per-Job Wage
Lost and Found Property & Foundlings
Prize Money & Deposits for Safekeeping
Zakat al-Fitr
Zakat al-Fiṭr (charity given at the end of the fast of Ramadan) is obligatory on every Muslim who owns more than the essential food he needs for himself and his dependents 506 for the eve and the day of the Eid.
وَهِيَ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ مَلَكَ فَضْلاً عَنْ قُوْتِهِ وَقُوْتِ عِيَالِهِ لَيْلَةَ الْعِيْدِ وَيَوْمَهُ.
The amount of zakat al-fiṭr is one ṣâ‘ of [whole] wheat or barley, or their flour. It can also be paid in their ground or crushed form, or in dates or raisins. However, if he cannot find those, he should give any kind of food staples that he eats that would [measure] one ṣâ`. 507
وَقَدْرُ الْفِطْرَةِ: صَاعٌ مِنَ الْبُرِّ أَوِ الشَّعِيْرِ، أَوْ دَقِيْقِهِمَا أَوْ سَوِيْقِهِمَا، أَوْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ أَوِ الزَّبِيْبِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ، أَخْرَجَ مِنْ قُوْتِهِ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ، صَاعًا.
506.
For the Prophet (SA) said, “Start with yourself," (M – from Jâbir) and, “Start with those under your care.” (Ag – from Abu Hurayrah)
ابدأ بنَفسِك و ابدأ بمن تَعُول.
507.
“The Prophet (SA) enjoined the payment of one ṣâ‘ of dates or one ṣâ‘ of barley as zakat al-fiṭr on every Muslim: free and slave, male and female, young and old. He commanded that it be given out before the people go to the (Eid) prayer.” (Ag – from Ibn ‘Umar)
فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ وَالْحُرِّ وَالذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى وَالصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَمَرَ بِهَا أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ.
Whoever must pay zakat al-fiṭr for himself must also pay it for all his dependents 508 if he owns enough on the eve of Eid to pay for them.
وَمَنْ لَزِمَتْهُ فِطْرَةُ نَفْسِهِ، لَزِمَتْهُ فِطْرَةُ مَنْ تَلْزَمُهُ مُؤْنَتُهُ لَيْلَةَ الْعِيْدِ، إِذَا مَلَكَ مَا يُؤَدِّيْ عَنْهُ.
If someone’s provision is the responsibility of a group of people, as with a shared slave or someone in financial difficulty who is a relative of a group of people, his zakat al-fiṭr is obligatory on them all, in accordance with [their share of responsibility for] his provision. If [a slave] is partially free, his zakat al-fiṭr is obligatory on [both] him and his master.
فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُؤْنَتُهُ تَلْزَمُ جَمَاعَةً، كَالْعَبْدِ الْمُشْتَرَكِ، وَالْمُعْسِرِ الْقَرِيْبِ لِجَمَاعَةٍ، فَفِطْرُتُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَلَى حَسَبِ مُؤْنَتِهِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُ حُرًّا، فَفِطْرَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى سَيِّدِهِ.
It is preferable to pay zakat al-fiṭr on the day of Eid, before the prayer. 509 It is not
وَيُسْتَحَبُّ إِخْرَاجُ الْفِطْرَةِ يَوْمَ الْعِيْدِ قَبْلَ صَلاَةِ
(A) + (+M, +S): It must be of the food staples. (A/SM): The food given should be one of the four types mentioned here, or aqiṭ (dried-milk cheese). Other food staples may be given only if none of those items can be found.
(-H): Cash amounting to the equivalent of one ṣâ‘ of food may be given.
(t): Cash may be given only if there is a clear benefit in that. (See the discussion in the previous chapter on paying the value of the binding zakat.)
508. See the chapter on the Maintenance of the Relatives and Slaves in Volume 2.
509. The Prophet (SA) said:
“Whoever pays it before the prayer, it is accepted zakat, and whoever pays it after the prayer, it is (unspecified) charity.” (D – from Ibn ‘Abbâs. D:Auth)
مَنْ أَدَّاهَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ فَهِيَ زَكَاةٌ مَقْبُولَةٌ، وَمَنْ أَدَّاهَا بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ فَهِيَ صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ الصَّدَقَاتِ
It is permissible to give to one person [the zakat] that is obligatory on a group, and [to give] to a group [the zakat] that is obligatory on one person. 512
وَيَجُوْزُ أَنْ يُعْطِي الْوَاحِدَ مَا يَلْزَمُ الْجَمَاعَةَ، وَالْجَمَاعَةَ مَا يَلْزَمُ الْوَاحِدَ.
510. There is a difference of opinion as to whether zakat al-fiṭr can still be paid after the prayer. The majority said that although it is detested to defer it until after the prayer, it is still acceptable until the end of the Eid day. They cited weak reports that the Prophet (SA) used to distribute it after Eid and that he said, “Spare them from asking for assistance on that day.” They argued that giving it any time before sunset on the day of Eid fulfills that wisdom. Not accepted after Eid, by agreement.
511. When to Pay Zakat al-Fiṭr?
“They used to pay it 1 or 2 days before the end of Ramadan.” (Ag – from Ibn ‘Umar)
That is the position of (A) + (+M), who argued that this zakat is meant to assist the poor during the time of Eid.
(-S): It may be given from the beginning of Ramadan. They argued that Ramadan is one of the two causes of it being binding, so it may be given out upon the beginning of the first cause.
(-H): It may be given even before the beginning of Ramadan. They argued that it may be given in advance, like the other forms of zakat. If there is a legitimate need to give it earlier, then it is hoped that it will be permissible.
If you pay it to your agent earlier, and your agent gives it to the deserving party at the right time, it is acceptable. If you give it to the agent of the poor (charitable organization) before the prayer, and they give it to them after it, that is acceptable.
512. It must be given to a Muslim in the region where the donor resides. (A) + (+H, +S): It may be given to any of the 8 categories of recipients that are mentioned in the verse. (S: It must be divided among them all.)
(a) + (-M): It may be only given to the poor and needy, because:
“The Messenger of Allah (SA) enjoined zakat al-fiṭr on the one who fasted, to purify him from any frivolity or indecency and for the purpose of feeding the needy.” (D – from Ibn ‘Abbâs. Ibn al-Mulaqqin:S)
فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ زَكَاةَ اَلْفِطْرِ; طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اَللَّغْوِ, وَالرَّفَثِ, وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ...
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