The Book of Hudood

Hadd of Fornication and

Drinking Khamr

حَدِّ اْلمُسْكِرِ

The Book of Dhihar

Glossary


The Ḥadd (Penalty) for Drinking Khamr

Whoever willingly drinks a muskir, 1645 whether a small or large amount, while knowing that a large amount of it causes sukr, is flogged 40 times. This is because ‘Ali flogged al-Waleed ibn ‘Uqbah 40 times 1646 for drinking khamr, and he said, “The Prophet (SA) flogged 40 times, Abu Bakr flogged 40 times, and ‘Umar flogged 80 times; all are Sunnah, and I prefer this.” 1647 The same applies whether it is the juice of grapes or anything else. 1648

وَمَنْ شَرِبَ مُسْكِرًا، قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ، مُخْتَارًا، عَالِمًا أَنَّ كَثِيْرَهُ يُسْكِرُ، جُلِدَ اْلحَدَّ أَرْبَعِيْنَ جَلْدَةً؛ لأَنَّ عَلِيًّا جَلَدَ اْلوَلِيْدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ فِيْ اْلخَمْرِ أَرْبَعِيْنَ، وَقاَلَ: "جَلَدَ النَّبِيُّ أَرْبَعِيْنَ، وَأَبُوْ بَكْرٍ أَرْبَعِيْنَ، وَعُمَرُ ثَمَانِيْنَ، وَكُلٌّ سُنَّةٌ، وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ."

1645. Muskir is the drink that causes sukr. Intoxication is the best translation for sukr and muskir, yet it is still not entirely accurate; there are consequential differences between the intoxication that results from the consumption of alcoholic beverages and that which results from cocaine, for example.
The Ruling on Drugs

By consensus, all drugs and substances that cause impairment of judgment are forbidden. Still, many of the scholars who forbid all such drugs, and who consider their consumption an enormity, do not necessarily give them the same rulings as khamr; they distinguish between the intoxication that results from drugs and that which results from alcoholic beverages. Of those scholars are the Mâliki scholars al-Ḥaṭṭâb and al-Qarâfi, the Shâfi‘i scholar Zakariyâ al-Anṣâri, and others. Their position is backed by the medical differences between the intoxicant effects of alcoholic beverages and drugs. In the Qur’an and Sunnah, sukr refers particularly to the condition that afflicts the person who has drunk an alcoholic beverage. The involvement of other intoxicants in the prohibition is by fiqhi (technical) analogy. While the difference in the manifestations of intoxication may not be consequential to their prohibition, since it is linked to the preservation of intellect, it causes enough ambiguity to ward off the ḥadd from people who consume drugs vs. alcoholic beverages. The judge may still impose a discretionary punishment (ta‘zeer).

1646. (a) + (-S): 40 lashes.

(A/SM) + (+H, +M): 80 lashes.

1647. (M)

1648. As long as it causes intoxication. The Prophet (SA) said:

وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ عَصِيْرِ اْلعِنَبِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ.

When one commits an act that is forbidden but not punishable by a ḥadd, the punishment is not more than 10 lashes because Abu Burdah reported that the Messenger of Allah (SA) said, “No one should be flogged with more than 10 lashes, except in a ḥadd prescribed by Allah.” 1649 The only exception is when a man has intercourse with his wife’s slave with his wife’s permission; he will be flogged 100 times.

وَمَنْ أَتَى مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ مَا لاَ حَدَّ فِيْهِ، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلىٰ عَشْرِ جَلَدَاتٍ؛ لِمَا رَوَى أَبُوْ بُرْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ : "‏لاَ يُجْلَدُ أَحَدٌ فَوْقَ عَشْرِ جَلَدَاتٍ إِلاَّ فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ"‏ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَطَأَ جَارِيَةَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِإِذْنِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ يُجْلَدُ مِئَةً.

“Every intoxicant is khamr, and every intoxicant is haram. If one drinks khamr in this world and then dies addicted to it, without having repented, he will not drink it in the hereafter.” (M – from Ibn ‘Umar)

كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ ، مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ يُدْمِنُهَا لَمْ يَتُبْ ؛ لَمْ يَشْرَبْهَا فِي الآخِرَةِ

Also, Ibn ‘Umar said, I heard ‘Umar say, from the minbar (raised pulpit) of the Messenger of Allah (SA):

“O people, the prohibition of khamr was revealed when khamr was made from five things: grapes, dates, honey, wheat and barley. Khamr is whatever befogs the mind.” (Ag)

أما بعد، أيها الناس، إِنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ الْعِنَبِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ.

1649. (Ag – from Abu Burdah)

Hadd of Fornication and Drinking Khamr

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