They are those who openly intercept people in the desert 1655 to seize their property.
وَهُمُ الَّذِيْنَ يَعْرِضُوْنَ لِلنَّاسِ فِيْ الصَّحْرَاءِ جَهْرَةً؛ لِيَأْخُذُوْا أَمْوَالَهُمْ.
The Book of Hudood
Hadd for Banditry
حَدِّ اْلمُحَارِبِيْنَ
The Book of Purification
The Book of Prayer
Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
The Book of Funerals
The Book of Fasting
The Book of Hajj and 'Umrah
Book of Zakat
The Book of Selling and Commercial Transactions
Introduction & Commercial and Selling
Selling of Primary & Secondary Commodities
Cancellation Options in Transactions
Cancellation Options Continued
Debt Transference & Guarantor-ship
Mortgaging & Security Deposits
Partnership & Companies Continued
Reviving Barren Lands & Per-Job Wage
Lost and Found Property & Foundlings
Prize Money & Deposits for Safekeeping
The Book of Bequests
The Book of Inheritance
The Book of Marriage
The Book of Divorce
The Book of Sadaq
The Book of Dhihar
The Book of Lian
The Book of Foods
Book of Fatal and Non-Fatal Assault
The Book of Indemnities
The Book of Hudood
The Book of Jihad
The Book of the Judiciary
The Book of Testimonies
Appendix
Glossary
The Ḥadd (Penalty) for Bandits
Those who commit murder and seize people’s property must be killed and crucified until (their punishment) becomes well-known.1656 Afterwards, they (their bodies) will be given to their families.
فَمَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَخَذَ الْمَالَ، قُتِلَ وَصُلِبَ حَتَّى يَشْتَهِرَ، وَدُفِعَ إِلىٰ أَهْلِهِ.
Those who kill but do not unlawfully seize property must be killed but should not be crucified.
وَمَنْ قَتَلَ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذِ اْلمَالَ، قُتِلَ وَلَمْ يُصْلَبْ.
Those who seize property unlawfully (but do not kill) must have the right hand and left leg (foot) amputated in one session and cauterized. No one should have his limbs amputated unless he steals an amount that meets the threshold for cutting the (hand of the) thief.
وَمَنْ أَخَذَ اْلماَلَ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ، قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ اْليُمْنىٰ وَرِجْلُهُ اْليُسْرٰى فِيْ مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَحُسِمَتَا. وَلاَ يُقْطَعُ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَخَذَ مَا يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ بِهِ.
Those who frighten the wayfarers, but do not kill or seize property, should be exiled.
وَمَنْ أَخَافَ السَّبِيْلَ وَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ وَلاَ أَخَذَ مَالاً، نُفِيَ مِنَ اْلأَرْضِ.
If one repents before being subdued, then his ḥadd punishment that is due to Allah is dropped. He is still accountable for the rights of the people unless they pardon him. 1657
وَمَنْ تَابَ قَبْلَ اْلقُدْرَةِ عَلَيْهِ، سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ حُدُوْدُ اللهِ، وَأُخِذَ بِحُقُوْقِ اْلآدَمِيِّيْنَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يُعْفَى لَهُ عَنْهَا.
Subsection: If one is ambushed by someone who wants to take his life, property, or women, or who
فَصْلٌ: وَمَنْ عُرِضَ لَهُ مَنْ يُرِيْدُ نَفْسَهُ، أَوْ مَالَهُ، أَوْ حَرِيْمَهُ، أَوْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ
1655. (A/SM): or in the city dwellings. What matters according to (A) is the lack of access to rescuers.
1656. Since this is a serious threat to the community, the severe punishment was meant to act as a deterrent to protect people and their property.
1657. In the stronger view in the Shafi’ee and Hnabali madhhabs, the ḥadd punishments are waived if the offender repents even after the case is brought to the court.
threatens him with a weapon or enters his home without his permission, he is entitled 1658 to deter him by the lightest deterrent that will stop him. If nothing less than killing will deter him, then one is entitled to kill him without incurring any liability.
If the one defending himself is killed, he is a martyr, and his killer is held liable for killing him.
سِلاَحًا، أَوْ دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ، فَلَهُ دَفْعُهُ بِأَسْهَلِ مَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَنْدَفِعُ بِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْدَفِعْ إِلاَّ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَلَهُ قَتْلُهُ، وَلاَ ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ. وَإِنْ قُتِلَ الدَّافِعُ، فَهُوَ شَهِيْدٌ، وَعَلىٰ قَاتِلِهِ ضَمَانُهُ.
Whoever gets attacked by an animal 1659 is entitled to deter it similarly, without incurring any liability.
وَمَنْ صَالَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَهِيْمَةٌ، فَلَهُ دَفْعُهَا بِمِثْلِ ذٰلِكَ، وَلاَ ضَمَانَ فِيْهَا.
If someone peers into a person’s home or sleeping quarters through a hole/crack in the door, and that person throws a pebble at him, knocking out his eye, he will incur no liability. 1660
وَمَنْ صَالَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَهِيْمَةٌ، فَلَهُ دَفْعُهَا بِمِثْلِ ذٰلِكَ، وَلاَ ضَمَانَ فِيْهَا.
Likewise, if someone bites another’s hand and that person pulls his hand away, causing the biter’s teeth to fall out, there will be no liability (for the one who was bitten).
وَإِنْ عَضَّ إِنْسَانٌ يَدَهُ فَانْتَزَعَها فَسَقَطَتْ ثَنَايَاهُ، فَلاَ ضَمَانَ فِيْهَا.
1658. (A/SM): He must if it is not a time of fitnah avert harm from himself and his women. He is entitled to defending his property. He must also defend the life and honor of others. It is forbidden to defend their property if physical harm will befall him or the attacker.
1659. In Arabic, the word used is baheemah, which refers to four-limbed land or sea animals, in general, but particularly to non-predatory ones
1660. This is according to (A) + (+S).
(-H, -M): He must warn him first or attempt to deter him by other means.
Hadd for Banditry
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