The Book of Jihad

كِتاَبُ اْلجِهَادِ

The Book of Dhihar

Glossary

[Ruling of Jihad] 1666

It is a farḍ kifâyah (collective obligation); so if it is performed by a sufficient number, the obligation is fulfilled. It is an individual obligation for anyone who shows up at the battlefield or whose town is surrounded by the enemy. It is only obligatory on capable, sane, free adult males.

وَهُوَ فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ، إِذَا قَامَ بِهِ مَنْ يَكْفِيْ، سَقَطَ عَنِ اْلبَاقِيْنَ، وَيَتَعَيَّنُ عَلىٰ مَنْ حَضَرَ الصَّفَّ، أَوْ حَصَرَ اْلعَدُوُّ بَلَدَهُ. وَلاَ يَجِبُ إِلاَّ عَلىٰ ذَكَرٍ حُرٍّ، بَالِغٍ، عَاقِلٍ، مُسْتَطِيْعٍ

[Virtue of Jihad]

Jihad is the best of the supererogatory acts. This is because Abu Hurayrah narrated that Allah’s Messenger (SA) was asked, “What is the best deed?” He replied, “To believe in Allah.” The questioner then asked, “What is the next best?” He

وَاْلجِهَادُ أَفْضَلُ التَّطَوُّعُ؛ لِقَوْلِ أَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ: سُئِلَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ أَيُّ اْلأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قال: ‏"‏إِيمَانٌ بِاللَّهِ ". قال: ثم أي؟ قال: ‏"‏الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ

1666. Introduction See the appendix on jihad.

replied, “To perform jihad in Allah’s cause, then to perform Hajj that is mabroor (accepted).” 1667 It has also been narrated on the authority of Abu Sa‘eed al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (SA) was asked, “Who is the best of men?” He replied, “A man who fights in the way of Allah, putting his wealth and his life at stake.” 1668 Battling at sea is better than battling on land.

حَجٌّ مَبْرُورٌ" ‏‏ وَعَنْ أَبِيْ سَعِيْدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قال: "رَجُلٌ يُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِمَالِهِ و َنَفْسِهِ" وَغَزْوُ اْلبَحْرِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ غَزْوِ اْلبَرِّ

[Jihad with Wicked Commanders]

He must fight under the command of the righteous and the wicked. Each group should fight the enemies in closest proximity to it.

ويَغزُو مَعَ كُلِّ بِرٍّ وَفَاجِرٍ. وَيُقَاتِلُ كُلُّ قَوْمٍ مَنْ يَلِيْهِمْ مِنَ اْلعَدُوِّ

[Duration of Ribâṭ]

The full period of ribâṭ (guarding at the frontiers) is 40 days. It was narrated that the Prophet (SA) said, “Spending a day on the frontier for Allah’s cause is better than 1,000 days in any other pursuit.”1669 He also said, “Spending a day on the frontier for Allah’s cause is better than fasting for a whole month and standing in prayer through all its nights. If one dies while observing ribâṭ, the reward for his good deeds will go on perpetually until the Day of Judgment, and he will be saved from al-Futtân.” 1670

وَتَمَامُ الرِّبَاطِ أَرْبَعُوْنَ يَوْمًا، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ قال: "رِبَاطُ يَوْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ يَوْمٍ فِيمَا سِوَاهُ" وقال: "رِبَاطُ يَوْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صِيَامِ شَهْرٍ وَقِيَامِهِ وَمنْ مَاتَ مُرَابِطًا أُجْرِيَ له أجره إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ووُقِيَ الفُتَّانَ

[Who May Participate in Jihad]

One whose parent is alive may not perform jihad without his or her permission unless it is individually binding on him. No woman may enter the abode of war except for very old women to provide water (to the soldiers)

وَلاَ يُجَاهِدُ مَنْ أَحَدُ أَبَوَيْهِ مُسْلِمٌ، إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَتَعَيَّنَ عَلَيْهِ. وَلاَ يَدْخُلُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَرْضَ اْلحَرْبِ إِلاَّ امْرَأَةً طَاعِنَةً فِيْ السِّنِّ؛ لِسَقْيِ

1667.(B)

1668.(Ag)

1669.(T – from ‘Uthmân. al-Albâni: S. A variant wording is in M)

1670.(M – from Salmân) Al-Futtân is the plural of al-Fattân, meaning the trying one; it refers to the angels who question everyone upon burial

and treat the wounded. The help of a polytheist is not sought or accepted except when needed.

اْلمَاءِ وَمُعَالَجَةِ اْلجَرْحَى. وَلاَ يُسْتَعَانُ بِمُشْرِكٍ إِلاَّ عِنْدَ اْلحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِ

[Soldiers’ Code of Conduct]

Jihad is not permissible except with the permission of the emir (commander), unless a feared enemy takes them by surprise or they come across an opportunity they are afraid to miss. After entering the abode of war, no one is permitted to leave the camp – to obtain fodder, firewood, or anything else – without the permission of the emir. If one takes anything of value from the abode of war,1671 he may not keep it for himself, except for food and fodder, from which he may take what he needs only. If he sells it, he must return the price to the common booty. If he has anything left of it when he returns to his hometown, he must return it unless it is of little value, in which case he may eat it or give it away. 1672

وَلاَ يَجُوْزُ اْلجِهَادُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ اْلأَمِيْرِ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَفْجَأَهُمْ عَدُوٌّ يَخَافُوْنَ كَلَبَهُ، أَوْ تَعْرِضَ فُرْصَةٌ يَخَافُوْنَ فَوْتَهَا. وَإِذَا دَخَلُوْا أَرْضَ اْلحَرْبِ، لَمْ يَجُزْ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنَ اْلعَسْكَرِ لِتَعَلُّفٍ، أَوِ احْتِطَابٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ اْلأَمِيْرِ. وَمَنْ أَخَذَ مِنْ دَارِ اْلحَرْبِ مَالَهُ قِيْمَةٌ، لَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْتَصَّ بِهِ، إِلاَّ الطَّعَامَ وَاْلعَلَفَ، فَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ بَاعَهُ، رَدَّ ثَمَنَهُ فِيْ اْلمَغْنَمِ، وَإِنْ فَضَلَ مَعَهُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ رُجُوْعِهِ إِلىٰ بَلَدِهِ، لَزِمَهُ رَدُّهُ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُوْنَ يَسِيْرًا، فَلَهُ أَكْلُهُ وَهَدِيَّتُهُ

1671.The Abodes of War, Peace and Treaty
Classical jurists classified the world into the abodes of peace, war, and treaty, giving them descriptive names according to the conditions of their times. The treaties signed by Muslim countries, as members of the United Nations and signatories to other covenants such as the Geneva Conventions, make the default classification for the whole world Dar al-‘Ahd (“abode of treaty”), which could also be referred to as Dar aṣ-Ṣulḥ (“abode of conciliation”). Wherever Muslims have the right to practice their religion, the suggested term would be Dar al-Amn (“abode of security”).

1672.(A/SM & Iqnâ‘): Even if it is of little value, he must still return it to the common booty.

The Book of Jihad

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