that were actually necessary for Hajj, he should not be given anything. 1087
يُعْطَ شَيْئاً.
The Book of Bequests
Ending of Bequests
Chapters
The Book of Purification
The Book of Prayer
Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
The Book of Funerals
The Book of Fasting
The Book of Hajj and 'Umrah
Book of Zakat
The Book of Selling and Commercial Transactions
Introduction & Commercial and Selling
Selling of Primary & Secondary Commodities
Cancellation Options in Transactions
Cancellation Options Continued
Debt Transference & Guarantor-ship
Mortgaging & Security Deposits
Partnership & Companies Continued
Reviving Barren Lands & Per-Job Wage
Lost and Found Property & Foundlings
Prize Money & Deposits for Safekeeping
The Book of Bequests
The Book of Inheritance
The Book of Marriage
The Book of Divorce
The Book of Sadaq
The Book of Dhihar
The Book of Lian
The Book of Foods
Book of Fatal and Non-Fatal Assault
The Book of Indemnities
The Book of Hudood
The Book of Jihad
The Book of the Judiciary
The Book of Testimonies
Appendix
Glossary
Ending of Bequests
If the legatee dies before the testator, or if he declines to accept the bequest, it is given back to the heirs.
وَلَوْ مَاتَ الْمُوْصَى لَهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِ الْمُوْصِيْ أَوْ رَدَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ، رُدَّ إِلَى الْوَرَثَةِ.
If he bequeaths (something) to both a living person and a dead person, the living person gets half of the bequest. If he bequeaths one-third of his estate to an heir and to someone who is not his kin, the non-kin will get one-sixth, and the one-sixth for the heir will be pending the approval of the other heirs.
وَلَوْ وَصَّى لِحَيٍّ وَمَيِّتٍ، فَلِلْحَيِّ نِصْفُ الْوَصِيَّةِ. وَإِنْ وَصَّى لِوَارِثِهِ وَأَجْنَبِيٍّ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ، فَلِلأَجْنَبِيِّ السُّدُسُ، وَيَقِفُ سُدُسُ الْوَارِثِ عَلَى الإِجَازَةِ.
1087. For example, he said, “Give Zayd 1000 to make Hajj on my behalf,” but Zayd did not go to Hajj, which actually costs 800. Zayd cannot ask for the 200 because the intention was to give him more since he was going to make Hajj on his behalf.
Chapter on the Executor of the Bequest
بَابُ الْمُوْصَى إِلَيْهِ
It is valid to appoint any sane, trustworthy Muslim man or woman as an executor (of the bequest) to perform acts that are within the scope of legal capacity of the testator, such as: paying his debts, distributing his bequest, and looking after his children’s interests.
تَجُوْزُ الْوَصِيَّةُ إِلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ، عَاقِلٍ، عَدْلٍ، مِنَ الذُكُوْرِ وَالإِنَاثِ، بِمَا يَجُوْزُ لِلْمُوْصِيْ فِعْلُهُ، مِنْ قَضَاءِ دَيْنِهِ، وَتَفْرِيْقِ وَصِيَّتِهِ، وَالنَّظَرِ فِي أَمْرِ أَطْفَالِهِ.
Whenever he assigns to the executor the guardianship of his children or insane dependents, it becomes effective. The executor’s dealings on their behalf will be valid in all transactions that are in their interest, such as: selling and buying, accepting gifts, spending on them and their dependents within reason, and conducting trade on their behalf, as well as investing their money in muḍârabah partnerships. 1088
وَمَتَى أوْصَى إِلَيْهِ بِوِلاَيَةِ أَطْفَالِهِ أَوْ مَجَانِيْنِهِ، ثَبَتَ لَهُ وِلاَيَتُهُمْ، وَيَنْفُذُ تَصَرُّفُهُ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِ الْحَظُّ مِنَ الْبَيْعِ وَالشِّرَاءِ، وَقَبُوْلِ مَا يُوْهَبُ لَهُمْ، وَالإِنْفَاقِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَعَلَى مَنْ تَلْزَمُهُمْ مَؤُوْنَتُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ، وَالتِّجَارَةِ لَهُمْ، وَدَفْعِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ مُضَارَبَةً بِجُزْءٍ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ.
If the executor conducts any commercial transaction for them by himself, he will not be entitled to any part of the profit; however, if he is in need, he may sustain himself from their money, taking compensation that is commensurate with his labor, and he will not be liable. 1089 If he is well off, he should not take compensation, for Allah said:
{…And whoever [when acting as guardian] is self-sufficient should refrain [from taking a fee]; and whoever is poor – let him take according to what is acceptable...} (an-Nisâ’ 4: 6)
وَإِنِ اتَّجَرَ لَهُمْ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ شَيْءٌ، وَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْ مَالِهِمْ عِنْدَ حَاجَتِهِ بِقَدْرِ عَمَلِهِ وَلاَ غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلاَ يَأْكُلُ إِذَا كَانَ غَنِيًّا؛ لِقَوْلِ اللهِ تَعَالىَ: "وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيْرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ".
1088. Muḍârabah: a type of partnership in which the investor provides capital to a laborer/entrepreneur to invest in a business initiative, with the objective of sharing the profit.
1089. He will not be liable for any losses of the business (unless he was found to have committed significant negligence or deliberate wrongdoing).
If the executor conducts any commercial transaction for them by himself, He (the executor) may not delegate the guardianship to someone else, nor may he be a party in a sales transaction with them (his wards). 1090 However, all of this is permissible for the father. 1091 Thus, the custodian of the wealth of the children and the insane may only be the father, his agent (executor), or the ruler (authorities).
وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُوْصِيْ بِمَا أُوْصِيَ إِلَيْهِ بِهِ، وَلاَ أَنْ يَبِيْعَ وَيَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ مَالِهِمْ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيَجُوْزُ لِلأَبِ ذٰلِكَ، وَلاَ يَلِيْ مَالَ الصَّبِيِّ وَالْمَجْنُوْنِ إِلاَّ الأَبُ، أَوْ وَصِيُّهُ، أَوِ الْحَاكِمُ.
[End of Guardianship]
Subsection: The guardian may permit the discerning children to conduct business to test their prudence (rushd); rushd here means competence in money (management). For those whom he feels to be competent, he should pass their money to them once they reach puberty. 1092 He should have this (transfer of wealth) witnessed. This applies to males and females alike.
فَصْل: وَلِوَلِيِّهِمْ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لِلْمُمَيِّزِ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ فِي التَّصَرُّفِ؛ لِيَخْتَبِرَ رُشْدَهُ، وَالرُّشْدُ: الصَّلاَحُ فِي الْمَالِ. فَمَنْ آنَسَ رُشْدَهُ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَهُ إِذَا بَلَغَ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ، ذَكَرًا كَانَ أَوْ أُنْثَى.
Then, if they revert to financial imprudence and incompetence, interdiction will be re-imposed on them. No one will have control over their money this time except the ruler (authorities), and the interdiction will only be lifted by a legal decree. Their acknowledgment of financial liabilities will not be accepted, but it (their acknowledgment) will be accepted regarding ḥudood (designated penalties), retribution, and divorce. If he divorces (a wife) or emancipates (a slave), his divorce will count, but not his emancipation. 1093
فَإِنْ عَاوَدَ السَّفَهَ، أُعِيْدَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَجْرُ، وَلاَ يَنْظُرُ فِي مَالِهِ إِلاَّ الْحَاكِمُ، وَلاَ يَنْفَكُّ الْحَجْرُ عَنْهُ إِلاَّ بِحُكْمِهِ، وَلاَ يُقْبَلُ إِقْرَارُهُ فِي الْمَالِ، وَيُقْبَلُ فِي الْحُدُوْدِ وَالْقِصَاصِ وَالطَّلاَقِ، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَ أَوْ أَعْتَقَ، نَفَذَ طَلاَقُهُ دُوْنَ إِعْتَاقِهِ.
1090. Due to the obvious conflict of interest.
1091. Because of his bountiful compassion. He may appoint whomever he wishes as an agent, and he may be the second party in a sales transaction with his children.
1092. See the appendix on ‘buloogh’ for a detailed discussion of the concept of puberty in Sharia.dren.
1093. See the appendix on ‘buloogh’ for a detailed discussion of the concept of puberty in Sharia.
فَصْلٌ: وَإِذَا أَذِنَ السَّيِّدُ لِعَبْدِهِ فِي التِّجَارَةِ، صَحَّ بَيْعُهُ وَشِرَاؤُهُ وَإِقْرَارُهُ، وَلاَ يَنْفُذُ تَصَرُّفُهُ إِلاَّ فِيْ قَدْرِ مَا أَذِنَ لَهُ فِيهِ، وَإِنْ رَآهُ سَيِّدُهُ يَتَصَرَّفُ فَلَمْ يَنْهَهُ، لَمْ يَصِرْ بِهَذَا مَأْذُوْنًا لَهُ.
Ending of Bequests
( Page : no 95)