Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
Introduction & Commercial and Selling
Selling of Primary & Secondary Commodities
Cancellation Options in Transactions
Cancellation Options Continued
Debt Transference & Guarantor-ship
Mortgaging & Security Deposits
Partnership & Companies Continued
Reviving Barren Lands & Per-Job Wage
Lost and Found Property & Foundlings
Prize Money & Deposits for Safekeeping
[Sea and Land Animals]
[Sea Animals]
Subsection: Animals Are of Two Types: Sea animals and land animals. As for the sea animals, they are all permissible (to consume) except for the snake, frog,1473 and crocodile. 1474
فَصْلٌ: وَاْلحَيَوَانِ قِسْمَانِ: بَحْرِيٌّ وَبَرِّيٌّ. فَأَمَّا اْلبَحْرِيُّ، فَكُلُّهُ حَلاَلٌ، إِلاَّ اْلحَيَّةَ، وَالضِّفْدَعَ، وَالتِّمْسَاحَ
[Land Animals]
1473. Because the snake and frog are considered khabeeth (unwholesome/repulsive). See the discussion below about unwholesome things. Additionally, the Prophet (SA) forbade the killing of frogs.
1474. Since crocodiles are fanged meat-eaters (carnivores).
1475. Pork will not be mentioned here, because its prohibition is a must-be-known. Pork, blood, and dead carcasses are all najis. Allah said:
{Say, “I do not find within that which was revealed to me [anything] forbidden to one who would eat it unless it be a dead animal or blood spilled out or the flesh of swine – for indeed, it is impure [rijs]…”} (al- An‘âm 6: 145)
قُل لَّا أَجِدُ فِي مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ مُحَرَّمًا عَلَىٰ طَاعِمٍ يَطْعَمُهُ إِلَّا أَن يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَّسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنزِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُ رِجْسٌ
1476.This is the exact wording of the following hadith:
“The Messenger of Allah (SA) prohibited the eating of all fanged beasts of prey and all birds having talons.” (M – from Ibn ‘Abbâs)
َهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَنْ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ وَعَنْ كُلِّ ذِي مِخْلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ
The prohibition of eating the flesh of predatory animals saves humans from getting into the cycle of disease transmission among the carnivores.
1477.Jâbir (RA) narrated, “On the day of Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah (SA) prohibited eating the flesh of domestic donkeys but permitted horse flesh.” (Ag)
4. Scavenger birds such as eagles, vultures, pied crows, 1479 5. All unwholesome/repulsive animals 1480 such as pests, mice and the like, except for the jerboa 1481 and ḍabb lizard, because the Messenger of Allah (SA) saw it consumed at his table, and when asked if it was haram, he said no. 1482 Aside from these animals, all others are permissible (to consume).
3. وَاْلحُمُرُ اْلأَهْلِيَّةُ، وَاْلبِغَالُ، 4. وَمَا يَأْكُلُ اْلجِيَفَ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ، كَالنُّسُوْرِ وَالرَّخَمِ، وَغُرَابِ اْلبَيْنِ وَاْلأَبْقَعِ، 5. وَمَا يَسْتَخْبِثُ مِنَ اْلحَشَرَاتِ، كَاْلفَأْرِ وَنَحْوِهَا، إِلاَّ اْليَرْبُوْعَ وَالضَّبَّ لأنَّهُ أُكِلَ عَلَى مَائِدَةِ رَسُولِ الله وهُوَ يَنْظُرُ وقِيلَ لَه: أحَرَامٌ هُوَ؟ قال: لا. وَمَا عَدَا هَذَا مُبَاح
1478.Jâbir (RA) narrated, “On the day of Khaybar, we slaughtered horses, mules, and donkeys. The Messenger of Allah (SA) forbade us from (consuming the flesh of) mules and donkeys, but he did not forbid horse flesh.” (D. al-Albâni:Auth)
1479. The Messenger of Allah (SA) said:
“Five are the vicious beasts which should be killed even in the Ḥaram (sacred precinct): the scorpion (M: the snake), the rat, the kite, the crow and the vicious dog.” (Ag – from ‘Â’ishah)
خَمْسٌ فَوَاسِقُ يُقْتَلْنَ فِي الْحَرَمِ الْعَقْرَبُ (في مسلم، الثعبان) وَالْفَارَةُ وَالْحُدَيَّا وَالْغُرَابُ وَالْكَلْبُ الْعَقُورُ
Had these been halal to consume, it would have not been lawful to kill them; instead they would be slaughtered for consumption.
1480.This is because Allah, Most High, said concerning His Messenger (SA):
{…and makes lawful for them the good things and prohibits for them the khabâ’ith (evil/foul)…} (al-A‘râf 7: 157)
وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ
Under this category also is the hedgehog. The report about it is weak, but it belongs to this category by sound reasoning. The scholars of the madh-hab also forbade worms, snakes, scorpions, beetles, geckos, and chameleons.
1481.Because ‘Umar decreed that the expiation for killing a jerboa in the Ḥaram is a jafrah (small female goat). (al-Muwaṭṭa’. Ibn Ḥajar: Auth chain) In a variant report in the madh-hab, Aḥmad forbade jerboas because they look like mice.
1482.(Ag – from Ibn ‘Abbâs)
It is also permissible to eat (the flesh of) horses and hyenas, since the Prophet (SA) permitted (the consumption of) horse meat and referred to the hyena as game. 1483
وَيُبَاحُ أَكْلُ اْلخَيْلِ وَالضَبُعِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ أَذِنَ فِيْ لُحُوْمِ اْلخَيْلِ، وَسَمَّى الضَّبُعَ صَيْدًا.
1483.The Ruling on Hyenas (A) + (+S): Halal to consume. They cited the following hadith:
Ibn Abi ‘Ammâr narrated, “I said to Jâbir, ‘Is the hyena a type of game?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘Did the Messenger of Allah (SA) say that?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’” (D,T,N,Ma. Bukhari: Auth)
عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمَّارٍ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الضَّبُعِ، فَأَمَرَنِي بِأَكْلِهَا . قُلْتُ أَصَيْدٌ هِيَ قَالَ نَعَمْ . قُلْتُ أَسَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ نَعَمْ
They said this hadith is specific, whereas the hadith forbidding fanged predatory animals is general, and the specific overrides the general. (-H, -M): Eating hyenas is forbidden. They cited the hadith forbidding fanged predatory animals, and they also relied on reasoning. Ibn al-‘Arabi said, “I marvel at those who forbid eating foxes, when they only prey on chickens, yet they allow eating hyenas that prey on human beings and devour them.” There are also some reports about the reprehensibility of eating hyenas, but they are weak.
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