The Book of Indemnities
Diyah of The Muslim Women

كِتاَبُ الدِّياَتِ

The Book of Dhihar

Glossary


Diyah of the Muslim Women

The indemnity for (killing) a free Muslim man is 1,000 mithqâls,1592 12,000 dirhams,1593 or 100 camels. 1594 If (the 100 camels) is an indemnity for intentional murder, then it consists of: 30 ḥiqqah (three-year-old female camels), 30 jadha‘ah (four-year-old female camels), and 40 pregnant she-camels. It is all immediately due from the murderer’s assets. 1595 If it is quasi-intentional manslaughter (mistaken death resulting from a deliberate assault), then the ages are the same. It is binding on the ‘âqilah (extended paternal family) over three years, with one-third of it due at the beginning of each year (since the death). If it is an indemnity for mistaken killing, it is also binding on the ‘âqilah, but it comprises: 20 bint makhâd (one-year-old female camels), 20 ibn makhâd (one-year-old male camels), 20 bint laboon (two-year-old female camels), 20 ḥiqqah, and 20 jadha‘ah.

دِيَةُ اْلحُرِّ اْلمُسْلِمِ، أَلفُ مِثقَالِ، أَوِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، أَوْ مِئَةٌ مِنَ اْلإِبِلِ. فَإِنْ كَانَتْ دِيَةَ عَمْدٍ، فَهِيَ ثَلاَثُوْنَ حِقَّةً، وَثَلاَثُوْنَ جَذَعَةً، وَأَرْبَعُوْنَ خَلِفَةً، وَهِيَ اْلحَوَامِلُ، وَتَكُوْنُ حَالَّةً فِيْ مَالِ اْلقَاتِلِ. وَإِنْ كَانَ شِبْهَ عَمْدٍ فَكَذٰلِكَ فِيْ أَسْنَانِهَا، وَهِيَ عَلىٰ اْلعَاقِلَةِ، فِيْ ثَلاَثِ سِنِيْنَ، فِيْ رَأْسِ كُلُّ سَنَةٍ ثُلُثُهَا. وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دِيَةَ خَطَأٍ، فَهِيَ عَلىٰ اْلعَاقِلَةِ كَذٰلِكَ، إِلاَّ أَنَّهَا عِشْرُوْنَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُوْنَ بَنُوْ مَخَاضٍ، وَعِشْرُوْنَ بَنَاتِ لَبُوْنٍ، وَعِشْرُوْنِ حِقَّةً، وَعِشْرُوْنَ جَذَعَةً

1592. mithqâl: a unit of measure equal to one gold dinar. (One dinar equals 4.25 grams.)

1593.One dirham equals 2.975 grams.

1594.(A/SM & Iqnâ‘): Or 200 cows or 2,000 sheep/goats.

1595.(A/SM): In both intentional and quasi-intentional murder, the division of the camels is 25 bint makhâd, 25 bint laboon, 25 ḥiqqah, and 25 jadha‘ah.

The indemnity for (killing) the free Muslim woman is one-half of that for the man.1596 Her wounds are equal to his up to (being worth) one-third of the complete indemnity (for killing). If it is more than that, it will be halved.

وَدِيَةُ اْلحُرَّةِ اْلمُسْلِمَةِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الرَّجُلِ، وَتُسَاوِيْ جِرَاحُهَا جِرَاحَهُ إِلىٰ ثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ، فَإِذاَ زَادَتْ، صَارَتْ عَلىٰ النِّصْفِ

The indemnity for a man from the People of the Book is half of that of a Muslim, and for their women is half of that. The indemnity for a Majusi (Zoroastrian) man is 800 dirhams, and for their women is half of that. 1597

وَدِيَةُ اْلكِتَابِيِّ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ اْلمُسْلِمِ، وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ عَلىٰ النِّصْفِ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ، وَدِيَةُ الْمَجُوْسِيِّ ثَمَانُ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ عَلىٰ النِّصْفِ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ

وَدِيَةُ اْلعَبْدِ وَاْلأَمَةِ قِيْمَتُهُمَا بَالِغَةً مَا بَلَغَتْ، وَمَنْ بَعْضُهُ حُرٌّ، فَفِيْهِ بِاْلحِسَابِ مِنْ دِيَةِ حُرٍّ وَقِيْمَةِ عَبْدٍ

[Indemnity for Aborting a Fetus]

The indemnity for the aborted fetus is a ghurrah (male or female slave), which is equal in value to five camels and will be passed on to the heirs. If a pregnant woman drinks medicine, thereby (deliberately) aborting her fetus, she will be liable for that ghurrah, of which she will not inherit anything. If the fetus is from the People of the Book, the indemnity required is one-tenth of that for the mother. If the fetus is expelled alive and subsequently dies because of a blow, and this abortion

وَدِيَةُ اْلجَنِيْنِ اْلحُرِّ إِذَا سَقَطَ مَيْتًا غُرَّةٌ؛ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ، قِيْمَتُهَا خَمْسٌ مِنَ اْلإِبِلِ مَوْرُوْثَةٌ عَنْهُ وَلَوْ شَرِبَتِ اْلحَامِلُ دَوَاءً فَأَسْقَطَتْ بِهِ جَنِيْنَهَا، فَعَلَيْهَا غُرَّةٌ، لاَ تَرِثُ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا. وَإِنْ كَانَ اْلجَنِيْنُ كِتَابِيًّا، فَفِيْهِ عُشْرُ دِيَةِ أُمِّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدًا، فَفِيْهِ عُشْرُ قِيْمَةِ أُمِّهِ. وَإِنْ سَقَطَ اْلجَنِيْنُ حَيًّا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ مِنَ الضَّرْبَةِ، فَفِيْهِ دِيَةٌ

1596.This is the position of the vast majority and the four madhâhib. It is not because her life is considered less valuable; it is because the man is responsible for the financial support of the family. The indemnity is meant to compensate the survivors for the financial hardship they may incur from the death of their caretaker.
It is to be noted here that some contemporary scholars supported the position of Ibn ‘Ulayyah and al-Aṣamm which makes her indemnity equal to that of the man.

1597.(-H): The indemnity of a dhimmi is like the indemnity of a Muslim. This was also the position of Mujâhid, az-Zuhri, an-Nakha‘i, and ath-Thawri, and was reported from ‘Umar and ‘Uthmân. (See al-Mughni.) Note that the Ḥanafi madh-hab was the formal madh-hab of the Abbasid and Ottoman caliphates.

happens at a time (phase of the pregnancy) after which he or she could have lived, then the complete indemnity (for killing) is required on his or her behalf.

كَامِلَةٌ إِذَا كَانَ سُقُوْطُهُ لِوَقْتٍ يَعِيْشُ فِيْ مِثْلِه

Diyah of The Muslim Women

( Page : no 152)