It is binding on any woman whose husband dies.
وَهُوَ وَاجِبٌ عَلىٰ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا.
Book of Divorce
Chapter on Mourning
اْلإِحْدَادِ
The Book of Purification
The Book of Prayer
Importance of Prayer & Ruling of its Abandonment
Facing the Qiblah & Intention in the Prayer
Etiquettes of Walking to Prayer and its Description
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Description of Prayer Continued
Pillars and Mandatory Acts of Prayer
Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers
Supererogatory (Voluntary) Prayers Continued
Times of Prohibition of (Supererogatory) Prayer
Congregational Prayers & Latecomers
Jumu'ah (Congregational Friday) Prayer
The Book of Funerals
The Book of Fasting
The Book of Hajj and 'Umrah
Book of Zakat
The Book of Selling and Commercial Transactions
Introduction & Commercial and Selling
Selling of Primary & Secondary Commodities
Cancellation Options in Transactions
Cancellation Options Continued
Debt Transference & Guarantor-ship
Mortgaging & Security Deposits
Partnership & Companies Continued
Reviving Barren Lands & Per-Job Wage
Lost and Found Property & Foundlings
Prize Money & Deposits for Safekeeping
The Book of Bequests
The Book of Inheritance
The Book of Marriage
The Book of Divorce
The Book of Sadaq
The Book of Dhihar
The Book of Lian
The Book of Foods
Book of Fatal and Non-Fatal Assault
The Book of Indemnities
The Book of Hudood
The Book of Jihad
The Book of the Judiciary
The Book of Testimonies
Appendix
Glossary
Chapter on Mourning
It includes avoiding adornments, 1402 perfumes, kohl by ithmid, 1403 and wearing clothes that are dyed for beautification. 1404 This is because of the statement of the Messenger of Allah (SA), “No woman should mourn more than three days for anyone who dies, except for her husband, for whom she should mourn for four months and ten days. She should not wear garments that are dyed or patterned, except for the ‘aṣb garments. 1405 She should not put on kohl or perfume, but when having a ritual bath, 1406 she may use a little qusṭ or adhfâr.” 1407
وَهُوَ: اجْتِنَابُ الزِّيْنَةِ والطِّيْبِ، وَالْكُحْلِ بِاْلإِثْمِدِ، وَلُبْسِ الثِّيَابِ الْمَصْبُوْغَةِ لِلتَّحْسِيْنِ، لِقَوْلِ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ : "لَا تُحِدُّ امْرَأَةٌ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ إِلَّا عَلَى زَوْجٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا وَلَا تَلْبَسُ ثَوْبًا مَصْبُوغًا إلا ثَوْبَ عَصْبٍ وَلَا تَكْتَحِلُ وَلَا تَمَسُّ طِيبًا إلا إذا اغتَسَلَت نُبْذَةً من قُسْطٍ
1402. Avoidance of Adornments and Jewelry
She should avoid all forms of adornments and jewelry. The Prophet (SA) said:
“A woman whose husband has died must not wear clothes dyed with safflower (‘usfur) or with red ochre (mishq), and she must not wear jewelry. She must not apply henna or collyrium (kohl).” (D, N – from Umm Salamah. al-Albâni: Auth)
المتوفَّى عنها زوجُها لا تلبَسُ المعصفَرَ مِن الثِّيابِ ولا المُمَشَّقةَ ولا الحُلِيَّ ولا تختَضِبُ ولا تكتَحِلُ
1403. A type of mineral (antimony) from which kohl is extracted.
1404. Avoiding Dyed and Patterned Clothing
She should avoid patterns and colored garments, instead wearing garments made of materials in their natural colors. The scholars of the four madh-habs allowed colors that were not meant for beautification, such as black and other dark colors.
1405. ‘Aṣb were certain Yemeni garments that used to be dyed, while bundled, after their spinning and before their weaving. After weaving, parts of the fabric were dyed, while others were not.
1406. When she purifies herself after her menses.
1407. (Ag – from Umm ‘Aṭiyah)
أو أظْفَارٍ".
If she has left for travel or pilgrimage, and her husband dies while she is still near, she should
فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ لِسَفَرٍ أَوْ حَجٍّ؛ فَتُوُفِّيَ زَوْجُهَا وَهِيَ قَرِيْبَةٌ، رَجَعَتْ لِتَعْتَدَّ فِيْ بَيْتِهَا، وَإِنْ
Qusṭ and adhfâr are two types of incense that are meant to remove bad odors. Some scholars said they are both one type, and in some reports, adhfâr comes as a description of the qusṭ.
1408. May Go out During the Day for Needs, but at Night Only for Necessities
A woman who is observing ‘iddah, whether she is divorced or widowed, may go out during the day to run her errands because Jâbir (RA) said:
“My maternal aunt was divorced three times, and she went out to harvest her palm trees. A man met her and forbade her from that. She mentioned that to the Prophet (SA), who said, ‘Go out and harvest your palm trees; perhaps you will give some charity or do some good.’” (M – from Jâbir)
طُلِّقَتْ خَالَتِي ثَلاَثًا فَخَرَجَتْ تَجُدُّ نَخْلاً لَهَا فَلَقِيَهَا رَجُلٌ فَنَهَاهَا فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهَ اخْرُجِي فَجُدِّي نَخْلَكِ لَعَلَّكِ أَنْ تَصَدَّقِي مِنْهُ أَوْ تَفْعَلِي خَيْرًا
Mujâhid narrated:
Some men were martyred on the day of Uḥud, and their wives came to the Messenger of Allah (SA) saying, “O Messenger of Allah, we feel scared at night. Can we stay in the house of one of us, and then go to our own houses in the morning?” He said, “Chat together in the house of one of you, then when you want to sleep, each one should go back to her own house.” She is not to stay overnight anywhere outside of her own home, or to go out at night, except in cases of necessity. (Ibn al-Qayyim and Ibn al-Mulaqqin: Mursal,* but Ibn al-Mulaqqin said there are corroborating narrations)
*Mursal means that Mujâhid did not mention the Companion from whom he heard this.
1409. The marital home where they lived together.
return to spend the waiting period in her home. If she is far,1410 she can carry on with her travel.
تَبَاعَدَتْ مَضَتْ فِيْ سَفَرِهَا.
The one who has been divorced three times is similar to her except for observing the ‘iddah in her home. 1411
وَالْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلاَثاً مِثْلُهَا، إِلاَّ فِيْ اْلاِعْتِدَادِ فِيْ بَيْتِهَا.
1410. ‘Far’ means at a distance where she is allowed to shorten the prayers. (Ibn Qudâmah, al-Mughni)
1411. Mourning after the Threefold Divorce
(A2) + (+H): A woman who has been divorced three times may observe all the rules of mourning observed by the widow, except that she does not stay in the marital home. They cited the similarity between her and the widow, in that both are observing an absolute waiting period without a possibility of being wed to any husband. This is unlike the divorce with recourse, where the husband can take her back.
(A) + (+M, +S): She is not required to observe any mourning.
(A/SM & Iqnâ‘): It is allowed for her if she so desires.
They cited the hadith mentioned in the text above, “No woman should mourn for anyone who dies for more than three days, except for a husband…” (Ag – from Umm ‘Aṭiyah), which indicates that mourning is prescribed only for death. They added that she should not be required to mourn her separation from her husband when he is the one who divorced her.
Chapter on Mourning
( Page : no 128)